The advantages of FEA are numerous and important. Once a detailed CAD model has been developed, FEA can analyse the design in detail, saving time and money by reducing the number of prototypes required. An existing product which is experiencing a field problem, or is simply being improved, can be analysed to speed an engineering change and reduce its cost.
Finite element analysis consists of a computer material or design that is analysed and stressed for achieving specific results. It is also used in new product design and for refining existing products. A company is able to correctly verify a proposed design and is able to accommodate client specifications prior to the actual manufacturing or construction. A product can also be made to qualify for same service condition by modifying its structure. If a design meets structural failure, the finite element analysis can determine design modifications needed for meeting the new condition.
Generally two types of modeling are used in the industry, the 2D modeling and 3D modeling. Though the 2D model helps the model to be run on a relatively normal computer, it gives results which are less accurate. The use of 3D models gives more accurate results, but cannot be run on all computers. In both the modeling schemes the programmers are able to insert numerous functions and algorithms which make the system to behave linearly or non-linearly. The non-linear systems can test the materials up to the fracture stages and account for plastic deformation. The linear systems are less complex and do not take into account the plastic formation.
The finite system analysis uses a complex system of points called nodes. These nodes make a grid which is called a mesh. The mesh is programmed to contain the material and other structural properties associated with it and define how the structure will react to the loading conditions provided. Nodes are then assigned at various densities though out the material. The assigning of the nodes also depends on the anticipated stress level at a given area. Higher node density is provided at the points which have large amount of stress. The point of interest consists of the fracture points of previously tested material, corners, fillers, complex detail and the high stress area. The mesh also acts like a spider web, extending a mesh element to each of the adjacent nodes. The material properties of the objects are carried by this web of vectors.
Finite element analysis was developed by R. Courant in the year 1943, by utilizing the Ritz method of numerical analysis and by minimizing the variation calculus for obtaining approximate solutions for vibrations systems. Later, a paper published in the year 1956 by M.J Turner, H.C. Martin and .W. Clough established a somewhat broader definition of numerical analysis. This paper was based on stiffness and deflection of complex structures.
In the early decade of 1970, the FEA was limited to expensive mainframe computers which were generally used by automotive, aeronautics, defence and nuclear industries. Now, with the most of computers on rapid decline along with increase in their computational power, the finite element analysis has gained an incredible position. The present day supercomputers can now produce more accurate results for all kinds of parameters.